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Seyed Ali Asghar Akbari Mousavi, Seyed Ali Hosseini,
Volume 9, Issue 2 (8-2025)
Abstract
In this research, 1 mm thick austenitic stainless steel 316L sheets were used for experimental testing. The experimental welding process was carried out using a Nd:YAG pulsed laser welding machine, and the welding simulation was performed using the SYSWELD software with a three-dimensional model for thermodynamic and mechanical analysis. The simulation results showed over 90% correlation with the experimental results. Analysis of the experimental and numerical data indicated that the weld dimensions increased with increasing voltage and decreasing welding speed. Additionally, with higher welding speeds and voltages, the heat distribution in the workpiece became less uniform, and residual stresses in the sample increased. Microhardness test results also indicated that not only was the hardness of the weld metal greater than that of the base metal, but that increasing the welding speed and decreasing the voltage led to an increase in the hardness of the weld metal. This research demonstrates the impact of laser welding variables on the properties of the workpiece and provides better insight and understanding of these variables for achieving desired properties, improving mechanical characteristics, and reducing residual stresses in the workpiece using finite element method.
 
F. Shahin, E. Baharzadeh, M. Rafiei, H. Mostaan,
Volume 10, Issue 2 (12-2024)
Abstract
In this study, formation of Fe3Al and (Fe,Cr)3Al intermetallic compounds and the effect of Cr on microstructural and mechanical properties of Fe-Al cladding system such as hardness and wear resistance, were evaluated. For this purpose, first, iron and aluminum powders were mixed in the first series without chromium powder and in the second series with the addition of chromium powder in high energy planetary ball mill, and Fe3Al and (Fe,Cr)3Al intermetallic compounds were synthesized. The preplaced powders were cladded on the surface of CK45 steel using gas tungsten arc welding process. The microstructure, formed phases and properties of the cladded layers were studied by optical microscope, scanning electron microscope, X-Ray Diffraction, micro and macro hardness, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and pin on disk wear test at 25, 250, and 500ᵒC temperatures. It was found that the microstructure of Fe-Al binary cladding contained Fe3Al dendrites with non-epitaxial growth. This non-epitaxial growth results from the difference in the chemical composition of the coating and the substrate at the interface between the coating and the substrate, which has caused the formation of new crystals at the interface. However, the microstructure of Fe-Al-Cr ternary cladding contained martensitic blades within (Fe,Cr)3Al matrix. The results of hardness tests revealed that the hardness of ternary cladding is twice as compared with the binary cladding (30 and 60 HRC for binary and ternary claddings, respectively). Also it was found that the presence of Cr element in Fe-Al cladding improved the wear resistance of deposited layers. The predominant wear mechanism of Fe3Al pin was adhesive, while for (Fe,Cr)3Al pin moreover adhesive wear, micro-plowing abrasive wear was also seen. The mass losses of both pins were maximum at ambient temperature and minimum at temperature of 500 oC.

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