Showing 4 results for Cracking
A. Farzadi, S. Sanaei,
Volume 3, Issue 2 (1-2018)
Abstract
In the research presented in this paper, a failure analysis were carried out to identify causes of an incident, which had taken place after an operation to repair a leak in an interstate natural gas pipeline. In this operation, a partial encirclement reinforcement (patch) was welded to the carrier pipe according to an available hot taping procedure, while gas was flowing in the pipeline. The failure analysis commenced with preliminary steps of gathering of background data regarding the repair operation and then several samples were extracted for macroscopic and microscopic metallurgical examinations. In addition to fractographic analyses of fracture surfaces, pipe material was examined because the pipeline had been in service for prolonged period and there was not any official material information available. The analyses disclosed that hydrogen-assisted cracking, wrong design of branch connection, paint coating and pipeline operating conditions were major factors contributing to the failure.
A. Talebi Hanzaei, P. Marashi, E. Ranjbarnodeh, A. Hamdollahzadeh,
Volume 4, Issue 1 (8-2018)
Abstract
In this study, first,diffusible hydrogen of cellulosic electrode E8010-P1 and low hydrogen electrode E8018-G was measured by mercury displacement method according to ISO3690. Then,the effect of preheating and post-heating on the sensitivity to hydrogen inducedcold cracking in welding of 18mm API5L X70 steel with these electrodes was investigated according to ISO17642-2. The results of visual inspection, penetrant test,metallographic examination, and hardness test showed that welding with cellulosic electrode leads to cracking unless both preheating and post-heating are applied.While in the case of low hydrogen electrode, cracking occurs only if no preheating or post-heating is applied.
M. Karbasian, N. Adabavazeh, M. Nikbakht,
Volume 7, Issue 2 (1-2022)
Abstract
One of the most dangerous industries is welding and inspection. Risk assessment is a rational procedure for determining the probable repercussions of prospective incidents on people, materials, equipment, and the environment. The risk assessment identifies the efficacy of selected control mechanisms and offers essential data for risk reduction, risk management, control system enhancement, and risk response planning. The current study identified 13 dangerous parts of the "hot crack" and "cold crack." The discovered dangers were then ranked by expert academics in the welding and inspection industries using the best worst fuzzy method. A fuzzy method has been developed to address risk uncertainty and minimize decision inconsistencies. The findings indicate that the primary risk factors for weld metal hot cracking in order of importance are "frozen structure, separation, high tensile stresses in the weld metal, material composition, bonding, preheating, high flow intensity, high-thickness workpiece, and weld pollen form." And "the quantity of hydrogen in the weld metal, high tensile stresses, a vulnerable structure, and a relatively low temperature" are all factors in cold welding of weld metal. The study's results may be used to guide the selection of solutions, remove the primary dangers, and establish security policies in the welding and inspection industries.
N. Abbasian Vardin, T. Saeid, A. R. Akbari ,
Volume 9, Issue 1 (5-2023)
Abstract
In this study, gas-tungsten arc welding was used for the cladding of two high entropy alloys of AlCoCrFeNi (Al1) and Al0.7CoCrFeNi (Al0.7) onto plain carbon steel plates. The welding process was carried out at a welding current of 180 A and a welding speed of 1.4 mm/s. The microstructures, craking behavior, phase composition, and hardness of the clads were characterized using various methods, such as optical microscopy (OM), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), X-ray diffractometry (XRD) analysis, and microhardness measurements. The results indicated that the Al1 clad had a petal-like structure of the BCC and Cr-rich phases. Both intergranular and transgranular cracks were identified in the Al1 alloy, which were recognized to be solidification cracks. Thermal stress and brittleness of the BCC phase promote cracking of the Al1. On the other hand, in the Al0.7 alloy, in addition to the BCC phase, a new FCC phase was formed with various Widmanstatten and dendritic morphologies in the clad microstructure and the Cr-rich phase was not observed. Furthermore, in this alloy with lower Al content, a crack-free clad was obtained. The crack prevention in the Al0.7 alloy was attributed to a combination of factors, including a decrease in the solidification range, formation of the FCC phase, and reduction in hardness.
