Journal of Welding Science

Mendeley  

Zotero  

Zamzami B, Safari M, Golzar M. Experimental comparison of extruded and 3D-printed copper parts for manufacturing induction hardening coils. JWSTI 2026; 12 (1) :69-78
URL: http://jwsti.iut.ac.ir/article-1-534-en.html

Copper coils are essential components of induction hardening machines. The traditional manufacturing process of these coils utilizes extruded copper profiles. In this study, the production of copper profiles using metal 3D printing was experimentally investigated. Two copper samples with hollow square cross-sections, produced by extrusion and metal 3D printing, were evalated for the purpose of manufacturing induction hardening coils. Density, electrical conductivity, hardness, and surface roughness tests were performed in accordance with the relevant standards. The quantitative results for the extruded and 3D-printed samples were, respectively: density of 99% and 93% of the theoretical density of copper; electrical conductivity of 100.8% and 99.1% relative to the annealed copper standard; Brinell hardness of 50 and 59 HB; and surface roughness (Ra) of 0.324-0.533 and 11.949-13.194. The results indicated that the extruded sample possessed higher density, superior electrical conductivity, and a smoother surface, whereas the 3D-printed sample exhibited higher hardness, lower density, and greater surface roughness. These findings demonstrate that metal 3D printing can be utilized for the manufacturing of induction hardening coils.